NiFe layered double hydroxide as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen

Two electron oxygen reduction reaction to produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a promising alternative technique to the multistep and high energy consumption anthraquinone process. Herein, Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) has been firstly demonstrated as an efficient bifunctional catalyst to prepare H₂O₂ by electrochemical oxygen reduction (2e^? ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Significantly, the NiFe-LDH catalyst possesses a high faraday efficiency of 88.75% for H₂O₂ preparation in alkaline media. Moreover, the NiFe-LDH catalyst exhibits excellent OER electrocatalytic property with small overpotential of 210 mV at 10 mA cm^?2 and high stability in 1 M KOH solution. On this basis, a new reactor has been designed to electrolyze oxygen and generate hydrogen peroxide. Under the ultra-low cell voltage of 1 V, the H₂O₂ yield reaches to 47.62 mmol g_cat^?1 h^?1. In order to evaluate the application potential of the bifunctional NiFe-LDH catalyst for H₂O₂ preparation, a 1.5 V dry battery has been used as the power supply, and the output of H₂O₂ reaches to 83.90 mmol g_cat^?1 h^?1. The excellent electrocatalytic properties of 2e^? ORR and OER make NiFe-LDH a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst for future commercialization. Moreover, the well-designed 2e^? ORR-OER reactor provides a new strategy for portable production of H₂O₂.     

KF-NaF-AlF3 System: Liquidus Temperature and Phase Transition

JOM - The development of low-temperature aluminum electrolysis makes it possible to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The KF-NaF-AlF3-based electrolyte is a promising...     

铝空气电池用6061和7075铝合金阳极电化学性能

研究了工业6061铝合金（6061）、航空7075铝合金（7075）和纯铝作为铝空气电池阳极材料的电化学性能，分析其作为阳极的可行性及适用环境。进行了阻抗、极化曲线和恒电流放电实验并进行了表面表征，计算了在40～120mA/cm²电流密度下连续恒流放电的阳极能量密度。用电子探针显微镜（EPMA）对电极表面形貌进行了研究，用波谱分析仪（WDS）进行表面分析。研究结果表明，合金元素在电池放电过程中会改变阳极的表面特性。6061中合金元素含量对电池阳极材料的性能产生了积极影响，使得合金的表面放电面积变大，放电均匀，更适合作为铝空气电池阳极材料。     

有色金属工业含砷污染物处理研究进展

综述了有色金属工业砷污染物的来源及其无害化处理的方法,分析了包封固砷(水泥固化和玻璃固化)和矿物固砷(钙盐、铝盐、镁盐、硫化沉淀法)的优缺点和局限性,重点对将砷以臭葱石形式进行安全处理的合成方法和浸出稳定性的研究现状进行阐述。分析表明,晶态臭葱石合成是将砷以臭葱石形式进行安全处置的基础,稳定性是关键,进一步降低溶液过饱和度以实现大尺寸、高稳定性臭葱石的合成是发展方向。     

甲烷干重整及金属-载体相互作用

CO2和CH4均是温室气体的重要成员并且数量可观，其资源化利用对于应对气候变化和能源危机具有重要意义。甲烷干重整是经典转化方式之一，将CO2 “供氧”还原反应和CH4 “需氧”氧化反应结合起来并相互转化，其产物合成气(H2和CO)可用于费 托合成碳氢化合物液态燃料。近年来，干重整已经成为能源环境领域热点之一，在重整新工艺和催化剂设计策略方面取得了重要进展，推动了高活性和高稳定性催化剂和新工艺研发。详细综述了甲烷干重整工艺和催化剂的研究成果，重点介绍了干重整工艺新发展和催化剂功能设计，结合Ni载体相互作用、双金属协同效应、界面效应、单原子催化等新策略对干重整工艺中的基础科学问题进行了探讨，并对干重整技术现有难点和未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Electrolytic synthesis of TiC/SiC nanocomposites from high titanium slag in molten salt

The molten salt electrolytic method for the preparation of titanium carbide and silicon carbide composites has been subjected to a systematic investigation by experimental analyses and thermodynamic calculations. It has been confirmed that the electrolysis of high titanium slag in the presence of mixed graphite powders generates intermediates CaTiO₃, Ti₂O₃, TiO, Fe₃Si and objective carbonous products TiC/SiC. It has been furthermore found that the deoxidization process depends critically on a number of process parameters, namely, electrolyte composition, graphitic regime, reaction temperature, cell voltage and reaction time. After careful optimization of these parameters, TiC/SiC nanocomposites with particle sizes of 10–174 nm has been produced by electrolysis of high titanium slag and graphite mixtures in molar ratio of 1:2 referred to Ti:C under 3.2 V at 900 °C for 6 h in 1 mol%CaO-CaCl₂-NaCl molten salt and with particle sizes of 12 nm~207 nm in 1 mol%CaO-CaCl₂ electrolyte.     

湿法炼锌赤铁矿法沉铁行为

湿法炼锌工艺过程中赤铁矿法沉铁技术是一种沉淀渣量小、分离效率高的锌、铁分离方法。针对湿法炼锌工艺过程中赤铁矿法沉铁技术开展了硫酸亚铁的氧化水解沉淀行为的研究，考察了时间、酸度、温度、硫酸盐浓度、晶种返回量等主要因素对赤铁矿法沉铁效果的影响、沉淀产物的析出特性和物相表征。     

Effect of ionic radius on colossal permittivity properties of (A,Ta) co-doped TiO2 (A= alkaline-earth ions) ceramics

(A, B) co-doped TiO₂ ceramics attract great interests due to the excellent dielectric properties. In this work, the (A, Ta) co-doped TiO₂ ceramics were prepared by a solid state reaction process. The effect of the acceptors ionic radius on the structure and properties of TiO₂ ceramics was investigated. According to XRD analysis, the main phase is rutile TiO₂ for all samples. Due to the larger ionic radius, it is hard to replace Ti site in TiO₆ octahedron. As a result, the content of the secondary phase increased with increasing ionic radius. The dielectric properties were significantly enhanced by co-doping of alkaline-earth ions and tantalum ions, and the best dielectric constant obtained at 3% (Sr, Ta) co-doped compositions, where ε’ = 2.1 × 10⁵, tanδ = 0.21. Meanwhile, the XPS analysis suggested that the concentration of the defect dipoles exhibit a maximum in Sr-doped TiO₂ ceramics. The larger ionic radius of the acceptors leads to the more stability of the defect structure. However, for Ba ions, the replacement concentration decreased due to the excessive ionic radius, which in turn reduces the defect concentration. This work is meaningful for the further investigations on TiO₂-based colossal permittivity materials.     

Form-Stabilized Polyethylene Glycol/Palygorskite Composite Phase Change Material: Thermal Energy Storage Properties,Cycling Stability,and Thermal Durability

In this work, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a phase change material (PCM) was incorporated with palygorskite (Pal) clay to develop a novel form-stable composite PCM (F-SCPCM). The Pal/PEG(40 wt%) composite was defined as F-SCPCM and characterized using SEM/EDS, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques. The DSC results revealed that the F-SCPCM has a melting temperature of 32.5°C and latent heat capacity of 64.3 J/g for thermal energy storage (TES) applications. Thermal cycling test showed that the F-SCPCM had good cycling thermal/chemical stability after 500 cycles. The TGA data proved that that both cycled and non-cycled F-SCPCMs had considerable high thermal durability. Consequently, the created F-SCPCM could be considered as an additive material for production of green construction components with TES capability. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:909–916, 2020. © 2020 Society of Plastics Engineers